Digestive enzymes are proteins that speed up the breakdown of food into pieces small enough to absorb. The body makes them in the mouth, stomach, pancreas and small intestine.

Each enzyme handles one type of nutrient. Amylase breaks starch into sugars, proteases such as pepsin and trypsin split proteins into amino acids, and lipase breaks fats into fatty acids. Lactase breaks down lactose, the sugar in milk. Supplements usually provide enzymes from fungi (such as Aspergillus), plants (bromelain from pineapple and papain from papaya) or animals (pancreatin). Plant and fungal enzymes work across a wide pH range, while animal enzymes need coating to survive stomach acid. They act on food in the gut and are not absorbed into the blood in any significant amount. They work best when taken with a meal (Harvard Health Publishing).

• May help support the digestion of food
• May help relieve occasional bloating and fullness after meals
• May help support the breakdown of proteins, fats and carbohydrates
• Traditionally used to support digestive comfort after heavy meals
• May help support nutrient absorption as part of a healthy diet

When should I take digestive enzymes?

Take them just before or with the first bites of a meal so they mix with your food. Taking them on an empty stomach, away from food, gives them little to work on.

Do I need digestive enzymes if I eat well?

Many people digest food perfectly well without them. Some like to use enzymes occasionally after large or rich meals, and it is worth discussing ongoing digestive discomfort with your health professional.

Speak to your health professional if you have stomach ulcers, pancreatic or gallbladder concerns, or take blood thinners (bromelain and papain may increase bleeding risk). Avoid if allergic to pineapple, papaya or fungi. Not recommended in pregnancy or breastfeeding unless advised by a health professional.

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